GTP

Hey everyone, here is the list of possible GTP protocol questions that can be discussed.

1. What is GTP ?
2. Why is GTP used ?
3. What is the equivalent of GTP protocol that can be used in roaming architecture in LTE ?
4. Is GTP over TCP or UDP ? Which is the preferred transport protocol for GTP ?
5. What are the variants of GTP ?
6. Which is the latest version of GTP-C and GTP-U ?
7. What is the use of GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP' ?
8. Which version introduced replaced TID with TEID ?
9. What is a TEID made of ?
10. What is the content of user payload of GTP ?
11. How is a tunnel identified in GTP-U ?
12. What is the use of GTP-U tunnel ?
13. How do the entities know the destination TEID for communication ?
14. What is a T-PDU ?
15. What is a G-PDU ?
16. What do you call the inner IP packet as ?
17. What will happen if the resultant outer IP packet is larger than the MTU of the first link towards the destination of GTPv1-U endpoint ?
18. Will the hopcount / TTL be changed by the tunnel endpoint ? Will any other entity perform it in LTE ?
19. What is the relation between fragmentation and bandwidth ?
20. Which interfaces are GTP based in LTE ?
21. What is the other protocol that can be used instead of GTP in LTE ?
22. What is the main responsibility of GTP-C ?
23. How many GTP-U tunnels can be established for a single user ?
24. How are GTP-U tunnels mapped in LTE ?
25. What is a tunnel endpoint made of ?
26. How many TEID-C can be there for a PDN connection ?
26. Is TEID unidirectional or bi-directional ?27. Does GTPv2 provide fallback to GTPv1 and GTPv0 ?
28. Why is GTPv0 not promoted ?
29. Which message shares TEID of MME to SGW and vice versa?
30. Which message shares TEID of SGW to PGW and vice versa?

Networking & Telecom - I

Hey guys, few questions that can keep us discussing for sometime...

1. What is network throughput ?
2. What is bandwidth ?
3. In which layer is network throughput normally measured ?
4. What is Bandwidth-delay product ?
5. What is goodput ?
6. What is maximum bandwidth for a TCP based communication ?
7. What is MTU ?
8. What is MSS ?
9. What is Path MTU discovery ?
10. Which layer of OSI model does fragmentation based on MTU ?
11. What is a LFN (Long Fat Network) ?
12. What is Jumbo Frames ?
13. What is difference between Fast ethernet n/w i/f card and Gigabit ethernet n/w i/f card ?
14. What is the difference between outb and outportb APIs ?
15. What is the need for retransmission mechanism ?
16. What is the need for retransmission mechanism at various layers ?
17. What is socket communication ?
18. What is the use of the following APIs - socket, bind, listen, connect, accept, send, poll, receive ?
19. Have you used 'select' API ?
20. What are the types of sockets ? What is the difference between the following - datagram sockets, stream sockets and raw sockets ?
21. Provide a brief description about TCP Connection Establishment / 3 way handshake method of TCP connection establishment.
22. What is the data structure used in TCP communication ?
23. Tell about TCP and UDP wrt Transport Layer of OSI model ?
24. Why is MTU size 576 bytes ?
25. Explain the communication between DCE(Modem) and DTE(PC) ?
26. What happens as soon as a packet arrives from the network in Linux ?
27. Why is the design of TCP servers mostly such that whenever it accepts a connection, a new process is invoked to handle it . But, why in the case of UDP servers, mostly there is only a single process that handles all client requests ?
28. Why does the client end of a connection use high port number(ephemeral ports) whereas the applications listen on typically small port numbers ?
29. When should you use UDP and When should you use TCP ? Also, give some realtime examples of applications that use TCP or UDP .
30. Difference between TCP and UDP ?
What is the difference between symbol rate and bit rate ?
31. What is BER (Bit error Rate / Bit Error Ratio)?
32. What is Spatial Multiplexing ?
33. What are the advantages of OFDM ?
34. In practice, OFDM signals are generated and detected using the FFT algorithm - True/False
35. What parameters can be changed for OFDM systems / Why should we not change Frequency ?
36. What is a Symbol in OFDM ?
37. What is the purpose of guard bands in OFDM ?
38. What do you mean by Tones in OFDM ?
39. Tell the 2 important tasks to be performed on the Receiver end of OFDM system ?
40. What is Turbo Codes ?
41. What are the advantages of Turbo Coding ?
42. What is Hybrid-ARQ ?
43. What is Frequency Reuse ?
44. What is Delay Spread ?
45. What is Call Processing ?
46. What is Reed-Solomon Error Correction ?
47. What is Reed-Solomon code and its areas of Uses ?
48. What is Shannon and its relation with Channel Capacity ?
49. What is "Channel Access Method" ?
50. What is FHSS - "Frequency-hopping spread spectrum" ?
51. What is TDM ?
52. Applications of TDM ?
53. What is TDMA ?
54. What are the features of TDMA ?
55. Tell few Systems that use TDMA ?
56. Tell about TDMA in 2G and 3G ?
57. Tell about CDMA vs TDMA ?
58. What is TDD ?
59. Examples of TDD systems ?
60. What is FDM ?
61. Applications of FDM ?
62. What is FDMA ?
63. What are the features of FDMA ?
64. What is FDD ?
65. Explain CDMA / IS-95 ?
66. What is spread spectrum and its use ?
67. What is the difference between UMTS and WCDMA ?
68. What does LAC stand for in CDMA ?
69. What is RLP and What is RLC ?
70. What are the basic ways to design the channel code and protocol for an error correcting system ?
71. What is convolutional code ?
72. What is the technology behind Mobile WiMAX ?
73. What is the technology behind LTE ?

This is a small set of questions that i have thought of. I will be updating more in the future !